Transfer Capital or Transfer Deficit: A Dual Perspective of English Learning of ESL College Transfer Students

This research addressed a gap in scrutinizing the language problems of English as second (ESL) transfer students (TSs) with regard to aspects “transfer deficit” and capital”, instead simply labelling use deficit”. One hundred twenty-four TSs participated this qualitative study. From content analysis, three main categories were identified: (a) competence capital; (b) deficit; (c) transition from deficit capital. Based on results, educational practitioners are advised pay attention specific implications proficiency-based courses, support measures not limited essay-writing or referencing skills, but including advanced writing genres such Capstone Project.